Quebec Expands Secularism Rules, Restricting Religious Practices in Public Institutions and Spaces

Quebec Expands Secularism Rules, Restricting Religious Practices in Public Institutions and Spaces
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Quebec has implemented new measures to strengthen its secularism framework, introducing restrictions on religious practices in certain public institutions and limiting collective religious activities in public spaces. The provincial government says the measures aim to reinforce state neutrality, while critics warn they could affect religious minorities’ freedom of practice.

Under the new rules, collective religious practices on public roads, sidewalks, and public parks are generally prohibited unless municipalities grant specific, temporary authorization under strict conditions. The law defines collective religious practice as an activity by multiple people that can reasonably be understood as an expression of religious belief. Violations may result in fines.

The expanded secularism framework also restricts religious practices in buildings, facilities, and grounds under the authority of covered public institutions, including certain schools and public organizations. However, the rules do not prohibit religious worship inside recognized places of worship.

The measures build on Quebec’s existing secularism legislation, including the 2019 law known as Bill 21, which restricts the wearing of religious symbols by certain public employees in positions requiring enhanced neutrality, such as teachers, police officers, and judges. The newer rules expand some restrictions to additional sectors, including certain childcare and education settings.

Quebec authorities argue that the legislation protects the separation between religion and the state and ensures equal treatment of all citizens. Civil liberties groups and Muslim organizations have criticized the measures, arguing that they risk disproportionately affecting religious minorities and limiting freedom of religion and expression.