Ancient Microbes Discovered in 2-Billion-Year-Old Rocks: A Glimpse into Early Life on Earth

Researchers have discovered living microbes encased in 2-billion-year-old rocks within the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) in South Africa, marking the earliest known microbial ecosystem, Earth.com reported yesterday.

Led by Yohey Suzuki from the University of Tokyo, the team utilized advanced techniques like infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy to confirm these ancient microbes were indigenous to the core sample, eliminating contamination concerns.

The BIC, spanning about 66,000 square kilometers, has preserved these microorganisms in igneous rocks for billions of years. The researchers retrieved a 30-centimeter core sample from 15 meters underground, revealing living cells that survive without sunlight by drawing energy from chemical reactions with nearby minerals.

This discovery not only sheds light on early life evolution on Earth but also raises the possibility of subsurface microbial life on other celestial bodies, such as Mars. The resilience of these microbes suggests that life can endure in extreme environments, offering insights into the potential for life beyond our planet. The study is published in Microbial Ecology.