New bacterial discovery may advance treatment of deadly childhood disease noma

New bacterial discovery may advance treatment of deadly childhood disease noma
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Scientists have identified a previously unknown species of bacteria that could play a key role in understanding and treating noma, a rare but often fatal disease affecting children in impoverished regions.

The research, led by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, found the new bacterium—provisionally named Treponema A—in samples taken from children with noma in Nigeria. The disease, classified as a neglected tropical condition, begins as gum inflammation and can rapidly destroy facial tissue, with a mortality rate of up to 90% if untreated.

Using genetic analysis, researchers discovered that noma patients had disrupted oral microbiomes, with reduced levels of healthy bacteria and increased harmful strains. The newly identified bacterium was present in most samples and was also found in earlier patient data.

While scientists have not yet confirmed whether the bacterium directly causes noma, they say the discovery could help improve early detection and lead to targeted treatments. Current therapies rely on broad-spectrum antibiotics, which can contribute to antimicrobial resistance.

Experts say further studies are needed to determine the bacterium’s exact role and to explore potential diagnostic tests and preventive strategies. Researchers hope the findings will boost global attention and funding for the disease, which primarily affects malnourished children in parts of Africa.