The Historic Fatwa of Mirza Shirazi: A Symbol of Resistance Against Colonialism and Despotism
The Historic Fatwa of Mirza Shirazi: A Symbol of Resistance Against Colonialism and Despotism
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The first day of Jumada al-Awwal marks the anniversary of the historic tobacco prohibition fatwa issued by Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Hassan Hosseini Shirazi — widely known as Mirza Shirazi — during his residence in Samarra.
This decree became a turning point in Iran’s struggle against colonial and autocratic policies, demonstrating the profound influence of religious authorities over both the public and the royal court.
The controversy began when Naser al-Din Shah Qajar granted a monopoly over the cultivation, sale, and export of tobacco to the British “Regie” Company. The deal heavily benefited the monarchy while harming local farmers, provoking widespread anger and nationwide protests led by Shia clerics.
Mirza Shirazi, in multiple telegrams addressed to the Shah, condemned the concession as a violation of Iran’s sovereignty and an intrusion of foreign powers into an Islamic nation.
His famous ruling — declaring the use of tobacco haram (forbidden) — ignited a massive public uprising. The resistance became so widespread that even inside the royal harem, waterpipes were destroyed in compliance with the fatwa.
Ultimately, the Qajar king was forced to annul the concession. The victory became a lasting symbol of national unity and the independent authority of the Shia religious leadership in confronting tyranny and foreign domination.
