Air pollution is responsible for at least 7 million deaths annually worldwide, primarily due to noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular issues, respiratory illnesses, and lung cancer.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted this growing crisis as it prepares to host the Second Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health in Cartagena, Colombia, from March 25–27, 2025. Dr. Maria Neira, WHO Director of Environment, Climate Change, and Health, described air pollution as a “silent killer,” urging global leaders to take bold action to protect public health.
The health costs of air pollution are staggering, estimated at $8.1 trillion in 2019. Despite this, less than 1% of global development aid is allocated to improving air quality in low- and middle-income countries, where vulnerable populations are most affected. The WHO emphasizes that clean air is a human right and calls for urgent measures, including stricter air quality standards, a transition from fossil fuels, enhanced monitoring systems, and increased funding for clean air initiatives.
A recent study by the University of Tokyo underscores the disproportionate impact of fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) on aging societies. PM2.5 particles, which penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, exacerbate health issues in elderly populations, particularly in regions with limited medical resources. Researchers hope these findings will spur policymakers to address the interconnected challenges of air pollution, aging populations, and healthcare accessibility.
The WHO stresses that investing in cleaner air is both a moral imperative and an economic strategy, reducing healthcare costs, boosting productivity, and mitigating climate change. The upcoming conference aims to galvanize global leaders and stakeholders to commit to transformative actions, ensuring clean air for future generations.
