Iran faces rapid population aging amid deteriorating economy

Iran’s population is aging at an unprecedented rate, raising concerns about future economic and social challenges. According to official data, the population of 86 million is aging five times faster than it is growing, with the UN projecting that by 2050, one-third of Iranians will be 60 or older.

Declining fertility rates, from 6.4 children per woman in the 1980s to just 1.6 in 2023, and slower population growth—down to 0.6% in 2023—have fueled these concerns. Authorities have launched public campaigns and introduced incentives, such as housing loans and free healthcare, to encourage larger families.

However, economic hardships, high unemployment, and soaring prices have discouraged many Iranians from having children.
The consequences of this demographic shift include potential labor shortages, reduced economic growth, and an increased burden on younger generations to support retirees.

Experts warn of looming crises in healthcare, pensions, and social security systems as the elderly population grows. Efforts to reverse the trend include restricting contraceptives and limiting genetic testing during pregnancies, but these measures have faced criticism.

Analysts argue that broader economic reforms and improved living conditions are essential to addressing the root causes of Iran’s demographic challenges. Without significant changes, the aging population could have long-term implications for the country’s stability.