Experts Warn AI Use May Contribute to Declining Human Intelligence, Critical Thinking Skills

Recent research and expert analysis highlight increasing worries that widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, may be contributing to a decline in human intelligence and critical thinking skills, The Guardian reported in a recent article. While AI offers unprecedented access to information and efficiency gains, studies suggest that offloading cognitive tasks to these technologies could weaken essential mental capacities.

Historically, human intelligence, measured by IQ scores and academic performance, had shown consistent improvement through the 20th century—a trend known as the Flynn effect. However, this upward trajectory has slowed or reversed in recent decades. For example, IQ scores among UK adolescents decreased by over two points between 1980 and 2008, and global student assessments reveal notable drops in math, reading, and science proficiency.

Experts caution that AI’s ability to automate complex cognitive tasks may reduce individuals’ opportunities to practice and strengthen critical thinking, memory, and problem-solving skills. Studies demonstrate a correlation between frequent AI use and lower critical-thinking performance, especially among younger users who depend heavily on such tools. Additionally, AI-generated content, while often compelling, can spread misinformation, making critical evaluation increasingly vital.

Social media platforms further exacerbate these issues by promoting short, easily digestible content that discourages deep reflection. Although AI can enhance creativity by generating more ideas, the overall diversity of these ideas may decline, potentially limiting innovative breakthroughs.

Researchers emphasize that the impact of AI varies depending on how people engage with it. Active, collaborative use may foster creativity, particularly among younger generations, whereas passive consumption tends to erode cognitive skills. The long-term effects of AI on brain function and learning remain uncertain.

In response, experts urge educational systems to focus on teaching critical thinking, intuition, and other uniquely human skills to complement AI technology. Since technology companies are unlikely to restrict AI’s ease of use, responsibility falls on schools and individuals to develop mindful interaction strategies with AI, ensuring that humans maintain their cognitive abilities in an increasingly automated world.