Experts warn of rising security threats at Herat Security Dialogue

The 12th Herat Security Dialogue opened in Madrid, bringing together political figures, former Afghan officials, and international representatives to discuss Afghanistan’s future.

Organized by the Afghanistan Institute for Strategic Studies, the two-day conference is themed “Afghanistan: Reviving Hope; Synergic Efforts.” Discussions focus on Afghanistan’s geopolitical role, security threats, and diplomatic solutions.

Participants expressed concerns over Afghanistan’s security under Taliban rule, warning that the country has become a hub for extremist groups. Rahmatullah Nabil, former Afghan intelligence chief, said the Taliban’s ties to militant networks have created “an extremist state.”

Former national security advisor Rangin Dadfar Spanta called for a unified opposition, advocating for a People’s National Assembly to uphold democracy and sovereignty.

Regional responses and human rights issues were also highlighted. Dorothy Estrada of the U.N. Working Group on Discrimination Against Women and Girls called for global action against gender-based restrictions in Afghanistan.

On the sidelines, Pakistani politician Mohsin Dawar criticized the Taliban’s rule, while former Pakistani envoy Asad Durrani questioned Islamabad’s shifting policies post-U.S. withdrawal.

Despite restrictions, Afghan women continue to seek education, said researcher Orzala Nemat, emphasizing their resilience. Experts warned that without coordinated opposition, Afghanistan’s instability could deepen further.