Researchers identify gene that protects brain from herpes

Scientists have discovered a gene that may explain why the brain is shielded from the herpes simplex virus (HSV), a finding that could pave the way for new treatments, Anadolu Agency reported on Tuesday.

An international team led by researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Aarhus University found that disabling the gene, called TMEFF1, in human stem cell-derived neurons resulted in significantly increased HSV-1 replication. This discovery was corroborated by experiments on mice, where the viral load in brain neurons surged after the gene was knocked out.

Currently, about 67% of the global population is infected with HSV-1, which primarily targets nerve tissue and can occasionally invade the central nervous system, leading to severe outcomes. While most infections are asymptomatic, recurrent symptoms can be distressing. The researchers are now developing peptides derived from TMEFF1, which show promise in preventing HSV infection. Their findings were published in the journal Nature on July 24, offering new insights into the brain’s antiviral defenses.