Lost works of ancient Greek mathematician Apollonius discovered in Arabic manuscripts

Researchers have uncovered two lost works by the ancient Greek mathematician Apollonius within Arabic manuscripts housed at Leiden University in the Netherlands.

The discovery, detailed in a new volume titled Prophets, Poets, and Scholars published by Leiden University Press, adds significant insight into the transmission of Greek scientific ideas through medieval Arabic scholarship.

Apollonius, who lived between 262 and 190 BCE, is famed for his work on conic sections, which laid the groundwork for understanding ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas. While only four of the original eight books on the subject had been known in Europe, the newly found manuscripts contain the fifth and seventh books.

These texts were brought to Europe in the 17th century by the Dutch orientalist Jacob Julius, who acquired them from the Middle East. Historians have praised the Arabic translations for their scientific accuracy and artistic presentation, noting the refined calligraphy and vibrant illustrations.

The find underscores the pivotal role of Arab scholars in preserving and enhancing Greek scientific heritage, serving as a cultural bridge between the East and West during the medieval period.