India’s Muslim Representation in Diplomatic Corps Remains Limited, New Study Finds
India’s Muslim Representation in Diplomatic Corps Remains Limited, New Study Finds
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A recent study reveals that Muslims constitute a small minority among India’s diplomatic personnel, highlighting gaps in diversity across embassies, high commissions, and UN missions.
According to an article by Clarion India citing the book “At the Bottom of the Ladder: State of the Indian Muslims” by Mohammed Abdul Mannan, as of mid-2025, India had 130 Muslims among its 2,070 ambassadors, high commissioners, and permanent representatives to UN bodies. The study analyzed Muslim representation across 150 key government organizations, including ministries, departments, and diplomatic posts.
India maintains diplomatic relations with 201 countries and operates 199 missions worldwide, with plans to open new missions in 11 UN member states. Despite its global footprint, the country has one of the most understaffed diplomatic forces in the world, employing approximately 1,400 officials, including 996 Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officers abroad.
The study details Muslim representation in specific postings. Four Muslims have served among 29 Indian ambassadors to the United States, while none have been appointed as Permanent Representatives to the World Trade Organization. Two Muslims currently serve among 23 Indian representatives at the UN. Other postings, including countries in Africa, Latin America, and Europe, show sporadic or absent Muslim representation. Notably, all 22 Indian ambassadors to Saudi Arabia have been Muslims.
Historically, prominent Muslim diplomats include Mohammed Hamed Ansari and Syed Akbaruddin at the UN, as well as figures such as Badruddin Tyabji, MA Rahman, and Prof Ali Mohammed Khusro in European postings. The study underscores both long-standing contributions and ongoing underrepresentation within India’s diplomatic corps.
Experts cited in the book emphasize that India’s foreign policy requires greater inclusivity to reflect the nation’s religious diversity, noting that Muslim diplomats have played key roles in advancing bilateral relations and international engagement.
The study, available online, serves as a benchmark for assessing religious representation in India’s foreign service and sparks debate on the need for broader reforms in recruitment and promotion practices within the Ministry of External Affairs.
