WHO Warns Smoking May Reduce Fertility in Men and Women

WHO Warns Smoking May Reduce Fertility in Men and Women
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The World Health Organization has raised concerns over the impact of smoking and tobacco use on reproductive health, warning that exposure to tobacco is linked to a higher risk of infertility and reduced chances of successful fertility treatments.

In an information brief on tobacco use and reproductive health, the WHO said that around one in six people of reproductive age worldwide may experience infertility at some point in their lives. Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual activity.

The organization cited research showing that women who smoke may face a significantly higher risk of infertility compared with non-smokers. A systematic review of studies conducted between 2000 and 2026 found that female smokers had a 40% higher risk of infertility.

For men, a review of 44 studies involving more than 60,000 men found an association between smoking and reproductive system problems, including abnormalities in semen quality and reduced sexual function.

The WHO also pointed to previous research involving assisted reproductive treatments, which found that cigarette smoking was associated with lower rates of live births and pregnancies following procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

The organization warned that the risks are not limited to smokers, noting that secondhand smoke exposure may also negatively affect reproductive health among non-smokers.

While scientific evidence is strongest regarding traditional cigarettes, the WHO said other nicotine and tobacco products may also carry fertility-related risks and require further research. It noted that studies have linked waterpipe or shisha smoking to potential effects on male fertility.

The WHO urged healthcare providers to inform individuals and couples planning to have children about the reproductive risks associated with tobacco use and to provide evidence-based support for quitting smoking.