Study Warns of Rising Chronic Diseases in Animals Linked to Genetics and Environmental Change

Study Warns of Rising Chronic Diseases in Animals Linked to Genetics and Environmental Change
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A growing number of animals worldwide—ranging from pets to livestock and marine species—are developing chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and degenerative joint disease, according to a recent study reported by ScienceDaily. The research, published in Risk Analysis and led by animal scientist Antonia Mataragka of the Agricultural University of Athens, introduces a new risk-assessment framework intended to improve monitoring and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in animals.

The model also highlights parallels with human health, as many of the same environmental and biological pressures influence both groups.
The study identifies genetic predisposition as a key driver of disease in certain populations, particularly in selectively bred dogs, cats and livestock. Environmental pressures—including poor nutrition, limited exercise and chronic stress—further elevate disease risks.

Examples cited include widespread obesity among domestic pets, high rates of osteoarthritis in intensively raised pigs, gastrointestinal cancers in beluga whales and cardiomyopathy in farmed salmon. Wildlife in polluted estuaries contaminated with industrial chemicals such as PAHs and PCBs has also shown elevated tumor rates.

Researchers warn that accelerating ecological change is intensifying these threats. Urbanization, climate disruption, biodiversity loss and pollution are contributing to higher incidences of metabolic and immune disorders in pets, livestock and marine species.

Mataragka notes that the lack of early diagnostic tools for animals hampers timely detection of NCDs, underscoring the need for expanded surveillance. The study integrates One Health and Ecohealth approaches, emphasizing coordination across human, animal and environmental sectors to identify early warning signs and reduce chronic disease risks across species.