Millions of Tonnes of Toxic Sewage Sludge Spread on UK Farmland Annually

Millions of Tonnes of Toxic Sewage Sludge Spread on UK Farmland Annually
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Millions of tonnes of treated sewage sludge, containing harmful substances like PFAS “forever chemicals,” microplastics, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, and toxic waste, are spread on UK farmland each year under outdated regulations dating back to 1989, The Guardian reported. These rules only require testing for a few heavy metals, leaving many contaminants unmonitored.

About 87% of the UK’s 3.6 million tonnes of sludge is applied to agricultural land, often near rivers and within nitrate vulnerable zones, raising concerns about pollution and eutrophication. Investigations revealed that sludge sites are widespread, with counties like Hampshire, Lincolnshire, North Yorkshire, and Essex most affected. The Environment Agency admits current regulations are insufficient and enforcement weak.

Experts warn sludge can carry hormone-disrupting chemicals and banned toxins, with microplastic contamination rising sharply in areas of repeated sludge application. Industrial waste mixed into sludge exacerbates toxicity. While alternatives like incineration and landfilling exist, they face capacity and cost challenges.

Environmental groups and scientists call for stricter regulation, better chemical testing, and a “polluter pays” approach. Water UK supports research into new sludge uses and coordinated European action. Government bodies emphasize ongoing enforcement and have launched reviews to improve safety and sustainability in sludge management.